How did Texas become a free and independent republic?

Texas became a free and independent republic primarily through the outcome of the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836. This pivotal conflict occurred on April 21, 1836, when Texian forces, led by General Sam Houston, launched a surprise attack on the Mexican army, led by General Santa Anna. The Texians secured a decisive victory, which resulted in the capture of Santa Anna and effectively forced him to sign the Treaties of Velasco. These treaties granted Texas its independence from Mexico, establishing it as the Republic of Texas.

While the Battle of the Alamo was a significant event in the Texian struggle for independence, it was a defensive fight that ended with a loss for the Texians. The Alamo did galvanize support and rally many to the cause, but it did not directly result in Texas becoming independent. Similarly, there was no purchase involved in this scenario, as Texas sought independence rather than acquisition by another nation at that time. Thus, the Battle of San Jacinto is correctly identified as the critical moment that led to Texas's status as a free and independent republic.